The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has issued a health advisory following a notable increase in cases of parvovirus B19, also known as Fifth Disease or “slapped cheek” disease due to its distinctive rash. This illness poses particular risks for pregnant women, the CDC warns.
Recent data from the CDC reveals a significant rise in the prevalence of IgM antibodies, which indicate a recent infection. Among children aged 5-9, the prevalence of these antibodies increased from 15% during 2022-2024 to 40% in June 2024. Overall, across all age groups, the prevalence rose from 3% in 2022-2024 to 10% in June 2024, according to reports.
Parvovirus B19 spreads primarily through respiratory droplets. Initial symptoms, including fever and malaise, typically appear about a week after exposure. The characteristic facial rash usually develops in the second week, often accompanied by body aches. While most individuals recover with supportive care, pregnant women face serious risks, including fetal anemia, non-immune hydrops (which can place strain on the heart), or fetal loss. The risk is highest if infection occurs between weeks 9 and 20 of pregnancy.
One case highlighted by NBC News involves Abby Parks, a teacher from Springfield, Illinois, who contracted parvovirus B19 at 18 weeks of pregnancy. The infection led to fetal anemia, necessitating hospitalization and blood transfusions, which Parks believes were crucial for her baby’s survival. “If that anemia had persisted, with such a low blood count, the baby could have died,” Parks explained.
The CDC has reported an increased number of cases among pregnant individuals, including severe fetal anemia requiring transfusions or leading to pregnancy loss. The agency advises pregnant individuals to seek medical care if exposed to parvovirus B19. It’s important to note that patients are no longer contagious once the characteristic facial rash has developed.
Now at 30 weeks pregnant, Parks describes the experience as “truly the most difficult” and emphasizes the seriousness of the condition. “He wasn’t guaranteed to come through the fetal anemia,” she said.
